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Abuse and sexual violence isn't always physical. It can also include emotional, psychological and controlling behaviour. This means that even without physical violence, behaviours like constant criticism, manipulation, isolation from friends and family, controlling finances, and threats can all be forms of domestic abuse.

Often perpetrators use cars as a way of controlling or scaring their victims, as their behaviour can go undetected. This can include driving aggressively to intimidate, suddenly braking or swerving to instil fear, monitoring or restricting a partner’s movements through repeated calls, messages or tracking apps, or creating situations where the victim feels trapped with no safe way to escape. Because these behaviours often occur behind closed doors, during routine journeys, or under the guise of ‘bad driving’, they can be easily overlooked, making roads‑related abuse a hidden but highly impactful form of coercive control.

Stalking and harassment is also a form of abuse and involves unwanted attention or behaviour that causes fear or distress. This can include following someone, sending too many messages, making unwanted calls, or showing up uninvited. These actions can seriously affect a person's mental and emotional health. If you or someone you know is affected, it's important to talk to someone or report it.

Examples can be found in our survivors' stories below.

The following videos reference real survivor impact statements, names have been changed and voice actors have been used. You may find the content upsetting.

If you are concerned yourself or someone you know has experienced any type of abuse, support is available.

If you are in immediate danger, call 999.